Visual Impairment People Towards Vision 2020-A Review

Objectives: To make a perception about the differently disabled people on their problems and responsibility of the society to overcome their problems. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The review is done by the articles which deals with global visual impairment data along with device and technologies mainly used for Visually Impaired people. For analysis, different methods are analyzed to identify the causes and device implementation to enable an independent life. The characteristics of differently abled people are well identified through the analysis. Findings: In vision 2020 survey, various impacts on specialized people using smart technologies reduce their vision problems. Application/Improvements: This framework design measures the merits and demerits of smart technologies used to maintain the quality life of disable people.


Introduction
Technology helps for differently abled people to led a normal life. Differently Abled people use technology for upgrading and live easier life. One billion people of over population suffer from different forms of disabilities. In India out of the 253 million populations, 20% persons are disabled in different ways. Among the disabled population 56% (1.5 Cr) are males and 44% (1.18 Cr) are female. The commonness of disability is premier in developing countries like India. Being differently abled is a complex phenomenon, has shifted from individual impairment to social phenomenon. Disability of persons includes the incurable impairments which may obstruct their full and valuable participation in the society.
In 1 Disability is being deficient in performing normal activity like a normal person throughout his life span. Disability is a term represents an impairment, activity limitation and participation restriction. An impairment is a problem, which is limited an activity for an individual into execute their daily routine task. The participation restriction problem is faced by an individual in all times of their routine life.
The disabled people entrusted on somebody to do all the things. The 2 technology advancements help the disabled people to do things that would have never been possible before by them. The technology is being act as a helping hand for people with disabilities.
There are many types of disabilities such as 3-5 intellectual, physical, sensory, and mental illness. The development of accessibility apps and gadgets were used to help the disabled people on our contemporary society. The improved quality life is assured with advanced technologies for the disabled people. Also, people with defects have been experiencing socialpsychological problems in the society in the sense that society defines them as function-less and that they cannot positively contribute to the society. Thus they live in isolation and exclusion.
We design a frame work to explain the steps taken to survey about the visually impaired. (Figure 1) framework defines that the visually impairment problem is specifically mentioned among different ability people. The 12 papers are reviewed thoroughly to evaluate the conditions, responsibilities and devices used for independent live of visually impaired people.

Challenges of Disabled People Sector
In our society there are many challenges are faced by differently abled people in all ways. The general accostation of those people are discussed as follows, The challenges are resolved by enhancing the education system and society policies in all rehabilitation services. The government sectors and WHO organization has to take the responsibility to overcome the challenges in the disability sector.
• Need to give the revise education curriculum • Need to improve the infrastructures specialized for disabled students • Need to conduct awareness disability welfare program in world wide • Need to afford transport facility which is availed for all specialized disabled people • Need to build more blairs for safety and comfortable toilet environment The challenges in the background of economic and society of the disabled people arise out of the discrimination. The lack of resources in economic side creates poverty to aid them in difficult to lead their daytoday life.

Visual Impairment
This study illustrates the survey of problems and device usage for visually impaired people. Inability to see a normal problem which is easily identified by a normal people. It involves an issue with sight which interferes with all aspects of society. The visual impairment may include the both partial sight and blindness causes. The different conditions of vision problems are 7 blindness, low vision and visually impaired associated with the level of causes. The severe vision loss leads to dependent live for the people who are suffered to fulfill their needs in all tasks.

Tele Assistance
For Chronic and sick people, to help them to maintain their daily life by their own potential risks. The 7-9 teleassistance is a reliability service based system relies on self adaptation.

Voice Maps
The voice maps play significant role in the life of visually impaired people in all their aspects. They used audio type of information more than the other types of devices. The information will be helpful during their travel over the places. The Global positioning system is used to estimate the information from the vehicle movement. The voice activation features are enabled using sensors in all devices.
The system is designed with human voice interrupt services. The response framework is also premeditated in between the device and the user. The 3 tier architecture of GPS is used along with programming modules. Advantages:

NavBelt
Navbelt is a programmed travel aid for the blind people with all features. The framework is constructed using personal computer and ultrasonic sensors. The sensors are processed by set of instructions. They convey the information through sensors and it relies on headphone interface. The belt enables trustworthy to walk alone without any subordinates. The modes of operation categorized into guidance and image to enable the user to walk alone. Advantages: • Suitable for Reliable real time environment • More Time consumption • Active scanning Disadvantages: • A reduced amount of enunciate in guidance mode • Impenetrability to conveying information when the failure occurs.

Guidance Cane
Guidance cane is useful in conveying messages to the visually impaired people. It is reliable to convey the voice messages. The 10 device setup made by using array of sensors mounted on semicircular join. The acoustic signals guide the passengers in the desired direction. The guidance mode of operation is used to increase the rate of transmitted rate. Advantages: Disadvantages: • Problem in decreased transmitted rate

Haptic Direction Indicator
Here, Virtual objects are created by the sense of touch works. The haptic indicator is used to safe the people from the dangerous situations. Advantages: • Frequent user navigation • Increased sensorium

Disadvantages:
• Unaccuracy • Low speed recognition Figure 2 in methodology of survey of various devices based on the screening of peer reviewed papers. The first stage of revision includes the references and causes of visual impairment analysis. The dataset is added to define the categories of visual impairments among different aging group people. The rapid analysis is done by using various records of World Health Organization. The undesirable dataset is removed and followed a preprocessing to represent the causes and effects of visual impairment 11 , blindness and vision loss. The final representation illustrates the percentage of people affected by visual impairment in comparison with all over world. The articles which are specified the visual impairment due to older age people had taken into account for rapid assessment of study.

Results and Discussion
A description of studies about the visual impairment is given as the country specified problems in eyesight in Table 1 12,13 . The population based survey is used to estimate the proportion of visually impaired people among blindness and low vision category. The survey is done by undertaking different age groups along with visual impairment. Figure 3 shows that the three difficult conditions of vision problems among overall population by 2017. The WHO (World Health Organization) releases global visual impairment to create the awareness of vision loss in all fields. The study of 12 papers narrates that the older age grouping people mostly affected by the visual impairment from 2010 to 2015. (Figure 4) illustrates the global blindness, low vision and visual impairment of different age grouping people.    The study survey based model indicates the significance increase in visually impaired along with other conditions in Figure 5. The device usage for visually impairment should reduce the burden of visually impaired people. In India, the vision problem has a significant role among the overall population. The deficiency is identified and rectified by the initial stage in order to avoid the severe vision problems.

Conclusion
The designed framework will enhance the review of all types of disabled problems. The discussion results in the review of problems and devices used by the visually impaired people in the field of sensor networks. The visually impaired people lead an independent live with the helping of new innovation and assistive technologies. The identified vision problems may be curable or incurable according to the habit of people. But the device and technology implication should be reduced the difficulties of visually impaired people. The limitations on the mobility systems are also should be minimized for those people in their environment. The future study will extend to the research in the reduction of cost and size parameter in smart held devices for disability people.