Impact of Noise Pollution on Human Health at Industrial SITE Area Hyderabad

Objectives : In daily life, noise is persistent, which sparks various health problem not only auditory but also non-auditory. In industrial occupational, the loud sound-induce hearing damage is a significant cause of the social noise exposure. Methods/Statistical Analysis : A brief survey was conducted at the SITE area of the Hyderabad to classify the health issue regarding noise pollution in its vicinity area. Three different types of a questionnaire about labor health issue at clinical and working environment level were used for conducting this research. Findings: The results of the auditory effect of noise play an adverse effect on human as deafness is 27% and auditory fatigue is 22%, which has a maximum health effect. Experimental and survey studies have indicated that the huge number of the population has apparent problems of disturbed sleep, annoyance, less outcomes in the performance of the daily life of industrial persons and an increase of hypertension with another certain cardiovascular disease. Application


Introduction
Noise pollution is a major age-old problem for humans, as noise, which is defined as "unwanted sound" causes a temporary disruption in the natural balance leading to some health consequences. Florence Nightingale in her book entitled "Notes on Nursing" wrote that unwanted noise is the unpleasant situation is one of the abuse of care which is another way "Unnecessary noise is the cruelest abuse of care which is difficult to avoid for any age human" 1 . The adverse effects of noise in modern-day societies are huge as it disturbs all activities at Offices, University and houses 2 . Noise is a prominent feature of the modern environment including noise from industry and big machines working at a very high speed and intensity, noise from transport traffic, and neighborhood 3 . All these sources of noise affect our everyday life without being in our awareness. It is impossible to voluntarily shut our ears to exclude unwanted auditory input even during our sleep 4 . In 1972, Saphiro and Baland were the first who recorded the intensity of noise pollution and described it as the "third pollution" after the air pollution and water pollution 5 . Noise pollution is a by-product of urbanization, industrialization, economic growth and motorized transport 6 .
Moreover, the fact that noise is affecting health and induces both; auditory such as nerve Fatigue and partial deafness, while another health hazard is, loss of working efficiency, annoyance, cardiac disorders, blood pressure (BP) and many more as shown in Figure 1 6 . Noise is a stress mediator that cause impairs concentration, communication, and sleep disturbance, changes in psychosocial behavior and more mediocre performance in all aspects of everyday life 7 . Foremost effects of noise are also connected to the significant level of hypertension, physiological disorders, increased heartbeat rate, and peripheral vascular resistance. Also, the sound also causes a headache, irritability, nervousness, feeling of fatigue, which in combination with the all previously mentioned factors adversely and results in more severe and chronic health issues 8 . Sound pollution also causes autonomic nervous problems which affect the cardiovascular system and spark significant cardiovascular disease, especially when there is a long-term daily exposure or an acute exposure to noise of high intensity 9 .
In our work, we analyze the influence of sound pollution on human health in the vicinity area, which created from the industries in S.I.T.E area Hyderabad Sindh was evaluated. Furthermore, based on this study measurement, few recommendations are pointed out to examine its adverse effects on the peoples living in the industrial area.

Occupational Noise
Industrial noise is related to environmental health and safety. Long-term and repeated exposure to noise has a gloomy impact on the sense of hearing, it also effects on auditory organs, central and autonomic nervous system. Also, a study conducted by 9 in the USA indicates that around 30 million industrial workers of manufacturing and electrical utility industries experienced the alarming. Condition of regular noise basis. A Swedish study focused on blood pressure analyses shows that both upper and lower limb blood pressures of 44 male industrial workers have significantly higher blood pressure due to noiseinduced auditory impairment than in 74 men of the same age who had normal hearing.
The low-frequency noises effects in a small demanding work situation are focused on noise sources with a leading impact of appropriate frequency  were present in various industrial environments. The effect of low-frequency noise causes low attention, tiredness, and motivation in a low demanding work situation. Many investigations show that moderated frequency noise adversely effects of daily performance and especially impact on notice during reading and other concentrated works 10 . Theoretical framework explored that the physical workplace environment effects on the job performance. Majorly there are five factors (temperature, sound, air, light and color, and space of the workplace environment), which affect job performances. Industrial safety and health classify noise as dangerous to worker safety and health. Although hearing is one of the fundamental senses and plays an essential part in allowing us to understand our environment 11 . Noise pollution also finds its way into hospitals. Anesthesiologists also experience a higher level of noise in the operating room, which degrades the quality of communications. Sound can be reduced by isolation from the source, or ceilings and decreasing the exposure time.

Impacts of Occupational Noise
A study conducted by 12 reveals that the high level of sound noise leads to endocrine problems, cardiovascular disease, and digestive reactions, especially in industrial jobs. Noise in the industries also plays a significant role in causing health effect to the workers working in the different sectors. The industrial sound come under occupational health hazards, continuous long-term exposure to noise leads to the increase systolic blood pressure, stress and hearing impairment. The noise also effects in the sound detection of the mechanic sensor receptors in the inner part of the ear known as hair cell. The wave of sound excites the bundle of hair for increasing and decreasing the listening of the sound frequency. Sound noise also dangerous for the stereo cilia which may cause the death of hair cells which results in the loss of hearing because of irreversible damage to the hair cells 13 . An assessment carried out on the low auditory hazard incurred by occupational exposure to impulse noise with an objective to assess the standard hearing hazard. But the usage of personal protective equipment like earplug in the area of high exposure to noise or running awareness program may help to overcome this type of problems. The fact revealed by expansion model is that regular exposure to high frequency undoubtedly harmful to hearing during 8-hour exposure 14 .

Methodology for Health Impact Assessment
The qualitative and quantitative study was conducted for the evaluation of noise impacts in SITE area Hyderabad, Pakistan. The questionnaire was developed for two types of responses that include medical doctors and industrial workers/staffs. Moreover, the interviews were conducted from doctors only, to analyze the diseases related to noise pollution at the affected area. Then after the data collection, the questionnaires were compiled by respondent's responses during the consultation process. The study methodology is given in flowchart as shown in Figure 2.

Questionnaires
The survey study was conducted to know the noise effects in the vicinity of SITE Area. For the short questioner was made and send in the ground field for a response from the workers, residents, and staff of SITE area. The list of questioner is designed which was filled by inquiring multiple questions from the respective people of that area. The information in the brief questionnaires is regarding noise pollution characteristics are shown in Tables 1-3.  Table 1 relating to noise pollution diseases, Table 2 for general aspects of noise pollution and Table 3 was assigned to get a response from a hospital in the vicinity area. Table 1 shows the doctor survey report having information regarding auditory and non-auditory effect due to noise pollution. In acoustic effects, the highest consequence is deafness i-e 27%, and auditory fatigue effect is 22%. The main reason is long-term noise exposure, continues working hours for month after month and year after year. Because of industries SITE Area, Hyderabad is working 24 hour by 12 hour shift. Due to production rate, the non-auditory effects: disturbance in sleep is 11%, and the increase in blood pressure is 9 %. The other non-auditory diseases highlighted in Table 1 has lower values & within the controllable ranges and may not harm to that level as a disturbance in sleep and blood pressure effects. The main reasons for such harmful non-auditory diseases can cause a Heart attack or stroke, Aneurysm, Heart failure and Trouble with memory or understanding. Table 2 is regarding awareness, practices, problems, infections, and consciousness and custom effects on rest family members due to noise pollution. The results obtained through questionnaire survey showed that majority of labor are adapted to noise pollution and neglected the safety instruction directed by concerned sections. Since the almost all industries were operated around the whole day and without following any noise pollution instructions; the higher percentage (93%) of employees were annoyed  iii My brain is habitual 89% iv Certainly, we are too much irritated by the noise, it also affects our health, and we frequently visit ENT specialist 1%

Results and Discussion
Custom effects F Do you peoples have any other disease, which usually happens in the family?
i No, we don't have any specific disease or problem in our family 97% ii Yes, some members of our family have some stress and hypertension problem due to working in the noisy environment. 3% of noise pollution in first eight to ten working hour of the day. The possible reason for being such higher ratio is a higher number of employees & machine working to compete for the production rates. Since many industries had no any safety department and same have insufficient safety paraphernalia, the more substantial number (91%) of the employee was not aware of noise pollution safety instructions and led them to become habitual (89%) of it. During this research, the researcher efforts to find health effects of the labor's spouse due to severe noise pollution affection of worker working in the industry. The majority family members (97%) did not find any health defect. The clinical survey conducted in this research is illustrated in Table 3. The result obtained through this survey highlighted that mostly labor (93%) is male (96%) and adult (78%). As discussed previously that there is no any appropriate safety measure and awareness in labor, most of them visited lately (85%) to clinics when the situation becomes complicated (80%). The results highlighted above alarming the health effect of labor due to noise pollution and it may directly affect the industries & economy of the country as the workforce is considered the backbone.